Types of Lymphoma
Last Update:
08/24/2010
"As we move to consider these tumors by their genetic abnormality
(genotype) rather than their cellular appearance (phenotype),
one converts the generalities of leukemia, lymphoma, and myeloma
into hundreds of diseases with distinct genetic causes, clinical
manifestations, and drug responsiveness."
Battling the Hematological Malignancies: The 200 Years' War
http://bit.ly/bnfGDv
Also see
Solid cancer versus lymphoma below
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They may be classified also as Aggressive
& Indolent
Also
see Detailed
Classifications & Resources
SEER
subtypes http://seer.cancer.gov/lymphomarecode/index.html
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Solid cancer versus lymphoma, a blood cell
cancer
Lymphoma is
a systemic (system wide) condition, because normal
lymphocytes are widely distributed in the body - in the
lymphatic system, bone marrow and blood - in order to be
able to fight infection.. Therefore it's expected
that the abnormal lymphocytes (lymphoma cells) will be
widespread (stage 3 and stage 4).
Lymphoma cells, like
there normal counterparts, are many times more sensitive to chemotherapy and radiotherapy than breast
or prostate cancer cells. Consider that when you have
cancer treatment that your blood counts will be reduced significantly, but normal tissue (breast, skin, etc.) are not affected. In other words the sensitivity of normal blood cells
to chemo and radiation carries over to abnormal cells of that type. This is why
advanced lymphoma can be treated effectively.
In contrast, with breast cancer, the normal cells
of that type are not as sensitive to chemotherapy, and therefore if abnormal breast cells spread beyond the site of origin (a metastasis), it is much more challenging to treat effectively. So this is why routine screening and early detection is vital for breast cancer and other so-called solid tumor types.
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Acute lymphocytic leukemia
(ALL)
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PubMed abstracts: Review |
Therapy
| Diagnosis
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Acute Lymphocytic
Leukemia
(ALL)
Also see Childhood
Lymphoma
B-cell stage: stem cell
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"ALL is the most
common cancer occurring in children, representing 23% of
cancer diagnoses among children younger than 15 years of age
and occurring at an annual rate of approximately 31 per
million. There are approximately 2,400 children and
adolescents younger than 20 years of age diagnosed with ALL
each year in the United States.
There is
a sharp peak in ALL incidence among children ages 2 to 3
years (> 80 per million per year), with rates decreasing
to 20 per million for ages 8 to 10 years." - NCI 2002
[1]
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NCI - for Health Professionals
Important: review links at the bottom of the NCI site for
studies related to treatment.
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About Adult Acute Lymphoblastic
Leukemia Cancer.gov
BiTE Antibody Blinatumomab Receives European Orphan Drug
Designation for Treatment of Acute
Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) prnewswire.com
| About BiTE
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Epstein-Barr Virus Associated Lymphoma
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Epstein-Barr
Associated Lymphoma
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Current understanding of the role of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in
lymphomagenesis and therapeutic approaches to EBV-associated lymphomas
http://bit.ly/bx6s44
(2008)
Jeffrey I. Cohen, 1
Catherine M. Bollard,2 Rajiv Khanna,3 and Stefania
Pittaluga4
“The great majority of people carry latent EBV all their lives
without any symptoms, but in certain circumstances latent EBV infection
is associated with EBV-positive malignancies, which include
Burkitt’s lymphoma,
B-cell lymphoproliferative diseases,
Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HL), and
T-cell lymphomas.
Following primary EBV infection, individuals remain lifelong carriers
of the virus. In vivo, B lymphocytes infected with the EBV are initially
controlled by natural killer (NK) cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL)
[Hislop 2007]. However, the initial CTL response does not remove all the
EBV-infected B cells and a pool of memory B cells latently infected with
EBV becomes established.
...
EBV-positive lymphomas can be divided into those occurring in
immunodeficient individuals, which are true virally driven lymphomas,
such as PTLD and HIV-associated immunoblastic lymphoma, and those
occurring in immunocompetent individuals.
The latter group includes endemic and sporadic Burkitt’s lymphoma, and
some T-and NK-cell malignancies. In these malignancies occurring in
immunocompetent individuals, EBV is a cofactor rather than the driving
influence [Khanna 2005]."
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| Burkitt's |
Burkitt's
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We
have moved this topic to a new page.
See Burkitt's lymphomas |
Lymphomatoid
papulosis
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TOPIC SEARCH: PubMed |
Lymphomatoid
papulosis (LyP)
has been described as a "self-healing" lymphoma
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"Lymphomatoid papulosis
(LyP; Macaulay disease) is a chronic lymphoproliferative
(lymphocytes dividing and expanding rapidly) disease of the
skin characterized by recurrent crops of pruritic (itching)
papules that may ulcerate. The papules heal spontaneously
over a period of 1-2 months, usually leaving slightly
depressed oval scars." e-medicine
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Clonal T-cell populations in lymphomatoid
papulosis. Evidence of a lymphoproliferative origin for a
clinically benign disease NEJM
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Lymphoid granulomatosis (LYG)
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TOPIC SEARCH: PubMed |
Lymphoid
granulomatosi
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"Lymphomatoid
granulomatosis is a rare angiocentric and angiodestructive
disease, which commonly involves the lungs but also the
brain, kidneys, liver and skin." [3] which is
frequently associated with Epstein-Barr virus infection. [4]
"The pathogenesis of LYG
is unknown; however, recent studies have provided
overwhelming evidence that LYG is a distinctive type of
malignant lymphoma associated with immunosuppression."
e-medicine
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Successful treatment of mediastinal
lymphomatoid granulomatosis with rituximab monotherapy. Eur J
Haematol. 2005 Mar;74(3):263-6. PMID:
15693798 | Related
articles
Fatal haemoptysis in a case of lymphomatoid
granulomatosis treated with rituximab.
Eur Respir J. 2006 Mar;27(3):644-6. PMID:
16507866
[Efficacy of rituximab in lymphomatoid
granulomatosis] Rev Mal Respir. 2004 Dec;21(6 Pt 1):1157-61.
French. PMID:
15767962 | Related
articles
Pulmonary lymphomatoid granulomatosis. Evidence
for a proliferation of Epstein-Barr virus infected B-lymphocytes
with a prominent T-cell component and vasculitis.
Am J Surg Pathol. 1994 Aug;18(8):753-64. PMID:
8037289
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Splenic
Lymphoma with Villous Lymphocytes
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TOPIC
SEARCH: ASCO
| Medscape
| PubMed |
Splenic
Lymphoma with Villous Lymphocytes
B-cell stage: mature, before antigen exposure
Associated with
hepatitis C virus
Often misdiagnosed as CLL
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"Splenic lymphoma with villous
lymphocytes (SLVL) is a recently recognized entity among
chronic B lymphoproliferative disorders. It has a distinct
clinical, morphological and immunophenotypic pattern and was
previously described under a variety of designations. SLVL
can be misdiagnosed as chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL),
prolymphocytic leukemia (PLL), or hairy cell leukemia (HCL)."
kfshrc.edu.sa
Also see: Marginal
Zone - Splenic
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Splenic lymphoma in presence of HCV may respond to
interferon alpha Reuters
Health Jul_10_02 (link repaired May 2004) And see mediscover.net
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Dramatic efficacy of fludarabine in the treatment of an
aggressive case of splenic lymphoma with villous lymphocytes. Eur
J Haematol. 2002 Aug;69(2):112-4.
PMID: 12366716 PubMed
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Regression of
splenic lymphoma with villous lymphocytes after treatment of
hepatitis C virus infection. N Engl J Med. 2002 Jul
11;347(2):89-94. PMID: 12110736 PubMed
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Cyclin D3 is a target gene of t(6;14)(p21.1;q32.3) of
mature B-cell malignancies. Blood. 2001 Nov 1;98(9):2837-44.
abstract
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abstracts
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Waldeyer's ring lymphomas
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TOPIC
SEARCH: ASCO
| Medscape
| PubMed |
Waldeyer's ring lymphomas
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"It
is debated whether non-Hodgkin's lymphomas originating in Waldeyer's
ring (WR NHL) behave as NHL originating in lymph nodes or share common
features with extranodal lymphomas originating in mucosa associated
lymphatic tissue (MALT).
We analyzed data from a population based NHL
registry on patterns of dissemination at diagnosis, response to
treatment, patterns of failure and survival of 77 primary Waldeyer's
ring Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (WR NHL) patents. Data of completely
staged patients with diffuse large cell lymphomas (DLCL) originating
in WR (n=44) were compared with those of patients retrieved from the
same registry with DLCL originating in lymph nodes or stomach (the
latter as prototype of a lymphoma originating in MALT).
Primary WR NHL had favorable risk scores according
to the International Prognostic Index (IPI), and responded well to
therapy: a complete response (CR) rate of 74% was observed.
Disease free survival (DFS) and overall survival
(OS) were poor, however (47% and 31% at 10 years, respectively). The
comparison of DLCL originating in WR, lymph nodes and stomach revealed
that WR and gastric NHL patients shared a restricted pattern of
dissemination at diagnosis, in contrast to patients with DLCL
originating in lymph nodes." 1
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Waldeyer's ring lymphomas: a clinical study from the
Comprehensive Cancer Center West population based NHL registry.
Leuk Lymphoma. 2001 Sep-Oct;42(5):1005-13.
PMID:
11697617
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Waldeyer's ring lymphomas: the prognostic factors and the
treatment outcome Year: 2002 Abstract No: 1138
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Post
Transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder (PTLD)
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TOPIC
SEARCH: ASCO
| ClinicalTrials.gov
| Medscape
| PubMed |
Post Transplant
Lymphoproliferative Disorder (PTLD)
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"Post-transplant
lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLD) are a diverse group of abnormal
lymphoid [a type of white blood cell] growths that include both
hyperplasias [An abnormal increase in the number of cells in an organ or
tissue]
They have been divided into several general
pathologic categories that have prognostic [outcome] significance.
These include early or hyperplastic PTLD, polymorphic PTLD, and
lymphomatous or monomorphic PTLD.
The majority of PTLDs are of B-cell origin and
contain Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). However, PTLDs of T- or NK-cell
origin have been described, and late-arising EBV-negative lymphoid
tumors are becoming more frequently reported in this population."
3
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Discovery of mechanism that may explain post-transplant
lymphoproliferative disorder
newsmedicinenet
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Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder is the
most common malignancy, with the exception of skin
cancer, after solid organ transplantation in adults.
The incidence varies according to the transplanted
organ and is often associated with Epstein-Barr virus.
Prognosis is variable, due in part to the heterogeneity of
the disease, which ranges from reactive plasmacytic hyperplasia
to aggressive monoclonal disease. oncologist
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The diverse pathology of post-transplant lymphoproliferative
disorders: the importance of a standardized approach. Transpl
Infect Dis. 2001 Jun;3(2):88-96. Review.
PMID:
11395974
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Other
uncommon Lymphomas / pseudo-tumors
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Other lymphomas
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Lmphoplasmacytic lymphoma, see WM
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